Artisanal, subsistence, or traditional fishing consists of various small-scale, low-technology, fishing practices undertaken by individual fishermen (as opposed to commercial fishing).
Artisan fishing may be undertaken for commercial, cultural and subsistence reasons. It contrasts with large-scale modern commercial fishing practices in that it is often less wasteful and less stressful on fish populations than modern industrial fishing. Target 14.b of Sustainable Development Goal 14 works to provide access rights to artisanal fishers on marine resources and markets.
Importance
Hundreds of millions of people around the world rely on artisanal fisheries to live. Artisanal fishing is critically important for not only food, but for jobs, income, nutrition,
food security, sustainable livelihoods, and poverty alleviation as well.
Artisanal fisheries are the predominant form of fisheries in "tropical developing countries" such as Nigeria.
The importance of artisanal and small-scale fisheries have been recognized in the first internationally agreed instrument dedicated entirely to small-scale fisheries. This agreement, drafted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is titled the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication and was implemented in 2015.
Artisan fishing boats and gears
Nigeria
A traditional dug out canoe between 3–18 meters long is used in Nigeria for artisanal fishing. Artisanal fishers in this area use gear that included, "cast nets, handlines, basket traps, longlines, set gillnets and beach and purse seines".
Sudan
Fishing vessels used in Sudan include from the
sharoaq,
feluka and
murkab al hadeed. Equipment varies by region and includes fixed nets, drift nets, seine nets, long line and cast nets.
Techniques
File:RV02Interior39.JPG|Fish wheel used in Alaska
Image:Shrimpers on horseback.jpg|Shrimpers on horseback, Oostduinkerke, Belgium
Image:Syr Darya river (Qyzylorda province) winter fishing 2006 00.jpg|Ice fishing on Syr Darya, Qyzylorda, Kazakhstan
Image:Fisherman Seychelles.jpg|Fisherman landing his catch, Seychelles
Image:Fisherman and his catch Seychelles.jpg|Fisherman and his catch, Seychelles. The fish, including small sharks, were hooked on hand lines many miles off shore.
Image:Fishing, Cà Mau.jpg|Shore based lift nets in Cà Mau, Vietnam. Also see Chinese fishing nets of Kochi.
File:Fisherman and net 2, Bhubaneswar - Oct 2010.jpg|Fisherman with his net
Image:Đó.jpg|Traditional , Hà Tây, Vietnam
Image:CormorantFishing001.JPG|Cormorants used for fishing in China
Indigenous People
Many indigenous people, particularly in coastal areas and near rivers, rely on fishing as their primary source of food.
See more
Sources
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FAO: Definition: Artisanal fisheries
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Béné, C; Macfadyen, G; Allison, E H (2007) Increasing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to poverty alleviation and food security FAO Fisheries Technical Paper T481.
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Diegues, Antonio Carlos (2002) Sea Tenure, traditional knowledge and management among brazilian artisanal fishermen. NUPAUB, University of São Paulo. Retrieved 25 April 2008.
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Daniel Pauly (2006) Major trends in small-scale marine fisheries, with emphasis on developing countries, and some implications for the social sciences Maritime Studies (MAST) 4(2): 7–22.
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Tietze, U; Siar, S; Upare, Suchitra M and Upare, M A (2007) Livelihood and micro-enterprise development opportunities for women in coastal fishing communities in India FAO Fisheries Circulars C1021.
External links
